Bicyclic 1,6-methano[10]annulene (or homonaphthalene)

Spin-coupled theory has been used to investigate the bonding in the
representative bridged annulene molecule 1,6-methano[10]annulene.

The carbon atoms at the bridgeheads are each involved in two benzenoid
interactions with perimeter carbons and in a sigma bond of the CH2 bridge.
We confirm that there is a significant transannular interaction in this
molecule, so that the bridgehead carbons exhibit some form of four
coordination without being 'tetrahedral' or sp3 hybridised.

The spin-coupled description of how this may be achieved turns out to
be particularly simple, being based on an adaptation of sp2 hybridisation
to the nonplanarity. The p[[pi]]-like functions on the bridgehead carbon atoms
point at an angle to the C2 rotation axis, so as to reduce their
proximity to the 'bridge' orbitals above the ring while increasing the overlap
with one another under the ring. The calculations provide also a description of the resonance between Kekulé structures associated with the aromaticity
of this molecule, and allow a comparison between the bonding in the methano
bridge and that in the methane molecule. The study confirms the validity of
denoting this molecule homonaphthalene.
The spin-coupled description of aromatic and anti-aromatic systems
The spin-coupled theory of valency gives a particularly clear description of
the behaviour of the p[[pi]]-electrons in aromatic and anti-aromatic
systems. Here is a fairly complete list of the published papers:
- "The electronic structure of the
benzene molecule."
D.L. Cooper, J. Gerratt
and M. Raimondi, Nature 323, 699-701 (1986).
- "Modern valence bond theory: was Kekulé right?",
J. Gerratt,
Chem. in Britain 23, 327 (1987).
- "The electronic structure of heteroaromatic molecules. Part 1. Six-membered
rings." D.L. Cooper,
S.C. Wright,
J. Gerratt and M. Raimondi,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 255-261 (1989).
- "The electronic structure of heteroaromatic molecules. Part 2. Five-membered
rings." D.L. Cooper,
S.C. Wright,
J. Gerratt and M. Raimondi,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 263-267 (1989).
- "The modern valence bond description of naphthalene."
M. Sironi,
D.L. Cooper, M. Raimondi and J. Gerratt,
J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 675-677 (1989).
- "The electronic structure of heteroaromatic molecules. Part 3. A comparison of benzene, borazine and boroxine."
D.L. Cooper,
S.C. Wright,
J. Gerratt,
P.A. Hyams and
M. Raimondi, J. Chem. Soc.
Perkin Trans. 2, 719-724 (1989).
- "On the bonding in 2,4-dimethylenecyclobutane-1,3-diyl."
S.C. Wright,
D.L. Cooper, J. Gerratt and M. Raimondi,
J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1489-1491 (1989).
- "The spin-coupled valence bond description of benzenoid aromatic
molecules." (A review).
D.L. Cooper, J. Gerratt and M. Raimondi,
in Advances in the Theory of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons
edited by I. Gutman and S.J. Cyvin, Topics in Current Chemistry
153, 41-55 (1990).
- "The spin-coupled description of cyclobutadiene and
2,4-dimethylenecyclobutane-1,3-diyl: anti-pairs."
S.C. Wright,
D.L. Cooper, J. Gerratt and M. Raimondi,
J. Phys. Chem. 96, 7943-7953 (1992).
- "The lowest singlet and triplet states of o-benzyne: spin-coupled
interpretation of the electronic structure at CASSCF equilibrium geometries."
P.B. Karadakov,
J. Gerratt,
G. Raos,
D.L. Cooper and M. Raimondi,
Israel J. Chem. 33, 253-264 (1993).
- "Study of the electronic states of the
benzene molecule using spin-coupled
VB theory."
E.C. da Silva,
J. Gerratt, D.L. Cooper and M. Raimondi,
J. Chem. Phys. 101, 3866-3887 (1994).
- "Catalytic chemistry of furan and thiophene. Ab initio calculations using
the spin-coupled valence bond method of the interaction between furan and
thiophene with a positively-charged centre."
P.C.H. Mitchell,
G.M. Raos,
P.B. Karadakov,
J. Gerratt and D.L. Cooper,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 91, 749-759 (1995).
- "The electronic structure of cyclooctatetraene and the modern
valence-bond understanding of antiaromaticity."
P.B. Karadakov,
J. Gerratt, D.L. Cooper and M. Raimondi,
J. Phys. Chem. 99, 10186-95 (1995).
- "The unusual coordination of carbon atoms in
bicyclic 1,6-methano[10]annulene: A modern
valence bond study." M. Sironi,
M. Raimondi, D.L. Cooper and J. Gerratt,
J. Mol. Struct. (THEOCHEM) 338,
257-65 (1995).
- "Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: a Modern Valence Bond Study."
G.M. Raos,
J. Gerratt,
P.B. Karadakov,
D.L. Cooper, and
M. Raimondi,
J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 91,
4011-30 (1995).
- "Modern valence-Bond description of the electronic structure of
benzocylobutadiene."
P.B. Karadakov,
J. Gerratt,
D.L. Cooper,
M. Raimondi and
M. Sironi,
Int. J. Quant. Chem. 60, 545-52 (1996).
- "The electronic structure of borabenzene: combination of an
aromatic pi-sextet and a reactive sigma-framework."
P.B. Karadakov, M. Ellis,
J. Gerratt,
D.L. Cooper and
M. Raimondi,
- "The extraordinary electronic structure of N2S2."
J. Gerratt,
S.J. McNicholas,
P.B. Karadakov,
M. Sironi,
M. Raimondi and
D.L. Cooper,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 6742-6 (1996).
- "Symmetry adaptation and the utilization of point group symmetry in
valence bond calculations, including CASVB."
T. Thorsteinsson,
D.L. Cooper,
J. Gerratt,
and M. Raimondi,
Theor. Chim. Acta (in press).
- "Spin-coupled valence bond study of the reaction between benzene and
a methyl cation."
G. Raos, L. Astorri,
M. Raimondi,
D.L. Cooper,
J. Gerratt
and P.B. Karadakov,
J. Phys. Chem. (in press).
- "Theoretical investigation of thiophene oligomers: A
spin-coupled study."
M. Sironi, A. Forni,
M. Raimondi,
D.L. Cooper, and
J. Gerratt.
- "The spin-coupled description of aromatic, antiaromatic and nonaromatic
systems." D.L. Cooper, J. Gerratt and
M. Raimondi.